John Lettieri, President and CEO of Economic Innovation Group | Official Website
John Lettieri, President and CEO of Economic Innovation Group | Official Website
Among all government transfer programs, Income Maintenance was the smallest contributor in the county. Social Security was the largest contributor, totaling $256.33 million, equating to $4,783 per capita and making up 35.1% of total transfers.
Comparatively, Income Maintenance transfers across Oregon amounted to $5.21 billion, ranking lowest among all transfer types within the state. This translates to an average of $1,229 per capita, or 9.8% of total government transfers. Including all transfer types, government transfer payments totaled $53.06 billion, accounting for 20.1% of residents’ total income, with an average of $12,514 per resident.
Medicaid was the second largest contributor in Columbia County in 2022, accounting for $175.16 million, averaging $3,269 per capita, representing 24% of transfers. Medicare transfers provided another $164.34 million, averaging $3,067 per capita and comprising 22.5% of government support, making them the third largest contributors.
Government transfer payments are non-repayable funds provided by federal, state, or local governments to support individuals in need. These payments aim to stabilize economic conditions and provide financial support during hardships. Key programs include Social Security transfers (retirement benefits), Medicare transfers (healthcare for seniors), Medicaid transfers (healthcare for low-income individuals), and income maintenance transfers (financial assistance for basic needs).
With 20.4% of the population aged 65 and older, Columbia County has a significant demand for programs like Social Security and Medicare. Despite this aid, the total per capita income in Columbia County, excluding government transfers was $40,112, which is far below the county's total income of $53,724, emphasizing the role of government transfers in overall income.
When comparing 2022 to the previous year, Columbia County saw a decrease in its Income Maintenance transfer dependency by 0.2%.
Government transfers have long been a modest financial safety net, historically comprising only a small fraction of Americans' income. However, since the 1970s—sometimes dubbed the “Great Transfer-mation”—dependency has surged from 8.2% (or $2,022 per capita in inflation-adjusted 2022 dollars) in 1970 to 17.6% (or $11,542 per capita) in 2022 nationwide. In Columbia County, reliance on government transfers has similarly increased from 9.5% (or $2,022 per capita) in 1970 to 25.3% (or $13,612 per capita) in 2022, reflecting broader national trends.
According to the Economic Innovation Group’s analysis, these trends are not merely short-term responses to economic pressures but rather reflect a profound, long-term transformation in how government support is integrated into American life. The study illustrates that structural shifts—from rising healthcare expenses and demographic changes to stagnant wages—have significantly increased dependency on government transfers.
| County | Rank | Dependency on Transfers (%) | % Population 65+ | Social Security Transfers (%) | Medicare Transfers (%) | Medicaid Transfers (%) | Income Maintenance Transfers (%) | Per Capita Transfers ($) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multnomah County | 1 | 15.3% | 14.9% | 4.4% | 3% | 4.6% | 1.9% | $10,688 |
| Washington County | 2 | 12.7% | 14.8% | 4.3% | 2.7% | 3.4% | 1.1% | $9,311 |
| Lane County | 3 | 24.4% | 21% | 8.1% | 5.1% | 6.2% | 2.4% | $13,693 |
| Marion County | 4 | 25.8% | 16.7% | 6.8% | 4.7% | 9.7% | 2.7% | $14,049 |
| Clackamas County | 5 | 13.5% | 19.9% | 6% | 3.5% | 1.5% | 1.1% | $9,876 |
| Jackson County | 6 | 26.2% | 23.3% | 8.6% | 5.6% | 6.7% | 2.5% | $15,092 |
| Deschutes County | 7 | 17.5% | 21.3% | 6.6% | 4% | 3.9% | 1.2% | $12,560 |
| Linn County | 8 | 30.4% | 19.5% | 8.5% | 6% | 10.2% | 2.8% | $15,952 |
| Douglas County | 9 | 35.5% | 26.6% | 11.7% | 7.4% | 8.1% | 3.4% | $17,552 |
| Josephine County | 10 | 34.6% | 27.3% | 10.8% | 7.1% | 9.7% | 3.2% | $18,070 |
| Yamhill County | 11 | 22% | 18.8% | 7.3% | 4.8% | 6.1% | 2% | $12,456 |
| Coos County | 12 | 34.7% | 28.1% | 11.2% | 8% | 8.5% | 3.2% | $18,863 |
| Klamath County | 13 | 34.7% | 22.5% | 10% | 6.6% | 9.5% | 4% | $16,370 |
| Umatilla County | 14 | 27.6% | 16.4% | 6.8% | 5.5% | 9.2% | 3.2% | $13,575 |
| Polk County | 15 | 23.3% | 19.1% | 8.4% | 5.4% | 4.9% | 2.2% | $11,691 |
| Lincoln County | 16 | 31.2% | 32.1% | 12.4% | 8.2% | 4.7% | 2.7% | $16,711 |
| Benton County | 17 | 14.7% | 18% | 6.6% | 3.3% | 1.1% | 1.4% | $8,108 |
| Columbia County | 18 | 25.3% | 20.4% | 8.9% | 5.7% | 6.1% | 2.2% | $13,612 |
| Clatsop County | 19 | 27.2% | 25.2% | 9.7% | 6.4% | 5.9% | 2.3% | $14,613 |
| Malheur County | 20 | 38.6% | 17.2% | 8.9% | 6.7% | 15% | 5.3% | $14,828 |
| Curry County | 21 | 37.6% | 36.5% | 14.6% | 10% | 5.8% | 2.7% | $19,520 |
| Tillamook County | 22 | 29.2% | 28.2% | 11.1% | 7.3% | 5.7% | 2.4% | $15,976 |
| Crook County | 23 | 30.3% | 25.5% | 10.6% | 7.3% | 6.6% | 2.5% | $15,745 |
| Union County | 24 | 32% | 21.9% | 9.3% | 7% | 8% | 3.1% | $15,689 |
| Jefferson County | 25 | 37.3% | 20.1% | 9.7% | 8.6% | 11.4% | 4.2% | $16,175 |
| Wasco County | 26 | 29.1% | 21.9% | 8.8% | 6.1% | 8.3% | 2.9% | $15,141 |
| Baker County | 27 | 33.1% | 27.4% | 11.3% | 6.8% | 7.7% | 3.3% | $16,126 |
| Hood River County | 28 | 16.4% | 18.3% | 5.5% | 3.3% | 4.4% | 1.6% | $10,647 |
| Morrow County | 29 | 22.4% | 16.7% | 6.1% | 5.4% | 5.6% | 2.8% | $12,308 |
| Lake County | 30 | 33.3% | 25.6% | 10.2% | 9.7% | 5.6% | 3.1% | $15,576 |
| Wallowa County | 31 | 30.9% | 29.4% | 11.5% | 7.8% | 5.4% | 2.2% | $16,286 |
| Harney County | 32 | 31.8% | 26.5% | 9.6% | 8.7% | 6.8% | 3.1% | $15,927 |
| Grant County | 33 | 31.9% | 31.6% | 11.1% | 8.2% | 6.3% | 2.7% | $16,346 |
| Sherman County | 34 | 23.8% | 25.9% | 7.7% | 5.4% | 6.4% | 1.8% | $16,040 |
| Gilliam County | 35 | 21.9% | 30.2% | 7.7% | 5.9% | 4% | 1.8% | $15,122 |
| Wheeler County | 36 | 40% | 38.1% | 15.2% | 9.9% | 7.7% | 2.7% | $17,204 |
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